Anthony S. Fauci, MD, is arguably the U.S. government’s best-known scientist. While he has testified to Congress on more than 200 occasions and interacted with every U.S. president since Ronald Reagan on a variety of issues, he is known most for his work on HIV/AIDS. He was appointed Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1984, and oversees an extensive research portfolio of basic and applied research to prevent, diagnose, and treat infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections, influenza, tuberculosis, malaria and illness from potential agents of bioterrorism.